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I 


lARGUMENTS 
I  AGAINST  THE 
I  CALIFORNIA  ALIEN 

I  LAND  LAW    ^    '^    ^ 

;|  = 


AND 

THE  COMMITTEE 
MEMORIAL  TO 
CONGRESS 


The  American  Committee  of  Justice 

1904  Adeline  Street  H 

OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA  M 

December.   1920  M 

ft  m 


- 1  s,     5" 
Foreword 

DURING  the  California  campaign  of  1920,  on  the  anti-Japanese 
initiative,  the  opponents  of  that  measure  were  denied  publicity 
by  the  press  of  the  State.  The  initiative  was  of  such  a  character 
as  required  discussion.  It  deprived  Japanese  and  Chinese  of  the 
most  important  of  the  primitive  rights  of  humanity,  by  denying  to 
parents  of  those  races  the  right  to  be  guardians  of  their  own  children, 
and  turning  their  young  over  to  the  guardianship  of  the  Public  Admin- 
istrator. 

In  a  Christian  community,  such  a  departure  from  the  law  of  nature 
and  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion  should  have  been  freely  and 
widely  discussed  by  the  press,  but  it  was  not. 

The  proponents  of  the  initiative,  given  the  free  use  of  the  publicity 
facilities  of  the  press,  used  it  to  promote  the  impression  that  the 
measure  would  effect  the  exclusion  of  Oriental  immigration.  To  the 
end  of  fostering  this  false  impression,  the  press  bristled  with  defamation 
of  the  Japanese.  From  every  angle  they  were  attacked  by  the  most 
appalling  slanders  and  falsehoods. 

Under  these  circumstances,  the  conscience  of  the  State  sought 
expression  and  found  it  in  the  organization  of  The  American  Committee 
of  Justice.  That  committee  stated  the  case  from  every  angle  and  view- 
point in  advertisements  which  it  published  in  the  papers  of  every  county 
in  the  State.  These  advertisements  are  the  literature  of  the  campaign. 
The  persecutors  of  the  Japanese  have  not  ventured  to  deny  any  state- 
ment made  in  them.  Their  truth  stands  unchallenged  and  undisputed 
as  the  righteous  statement  of  the  case. 

To  preserve  this  literature  and  perpetuate  this  statement  of  facts, 
in  order  that  enlightenment  of  public  opinion  may  be  promoted,  these 
advertisements  are  published  in  this  booklet.  Let  the  reader  remember 
that  they  are  the  cry  of  the  conscience  of  California,  the  expression 
of  its  sense  of  justice,  and  that  they  were  supported  by  the  votes  of 
222,086  citizens  of  the  State,  who  smote  the  infamous  initiative  with 
their  ballots. 

^  The  Committee  sends  this  message  of  Truth  to  the  people  of  the 
^  United  States,  for  the  healing  of  a  public  opinion  that  has  been  poisoned 
^   by  falsehood  and  hate. 


The  public  expressions  of  independent  bodies  of  citizens  are  included, 
with  a  translation  from  the  Japanese  New  World,  newspaper. 

Following    the    appendices    is    the    Memorial    to    Congress    bv    the 
Committee,  with  the  names  of  the  members. 


;i15HH?^ 


IP 
.0 


In  the  official  pamphlet  of  instructions  to  voters  the  anti-Japanese 
initiative  heads  the  list  of  initiative  measures  upon  which  the  voters  of 
this  State  acted  in  November.     There  will  also  be  found 

The  Argument  Against  the  Anti-Japanese  Initiative,  by 

Jno.  p.  Irish,  Appointed  by  the 

Lieutenant-Governor 

"This  initiative  raises  questions  of  cold  law,  to  which  I  invite  the 
very  thoughtful  attention  of  the  voters. 

"Om*  treaty  with  Japan  provides  that  the  Japanese  here  'may  own 
or  hire  and  occupy  houses,  manufactories,  warehouses,  shops  and 
premises,  and  lease  land  for  residential  and  commercial  purposes.'  In 
its  economic  definition  commerce  consists  of  Production,  Transmutation 
and  Exchange.  Production  is  the  ranking  element,  because  without  it 
there  can  be  no  commerce.  The  treaty  protects  the  right  of  Japanese 
to  hire  or  own  manufactories,  for  transmutation,  warehouses,  necessary  to 
exchange,  and  to  lease  land  for  commercial  purposes.  Land  employed 
in  agricultural  production  is  employed  in  a  commercial  purpose.  The 
treaty  is  intended,  then,  to  give  the  Japanese  privilege  to  enter  upon 
complete  commerce,  and  therefore  protects  their  right  to  lease  land 
for  production.  Any  other  interpretation  twists  the  plain  language  of 
the  treaty  into  vain  repetition.  Considered  in  the  light  of  the  Fourteenth 
Amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  which  says:  'No 
State  shall  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection 
of  the  law,'  we  find  the  initiative  in  conflict  with  our  own  Constitution, 
since  it  proposes  a  discriminatory  classification  of  aliens,  conferring 
upon  one  class  the  protection  of  the  law  which  if  denies  to  another  class. 

"This  discrimination  applies  also  to  the  leasing  of  land  denied  to 
Japanese  and  permitted  to  other  aliens.  It  also  applies  to  the  feature 
of  the  initiative  which  subjects  Japanese  minors  who  own  land  to  the 
guardianship  of  the  Public  Administrator,  but  exempts  other  alien, 
minors  who  own  land  from  such  guardianship. 

"These  proposed  discriminations  against  classes  of  aliens  were 
adopted  by  the  people  of  another  State  by  the  initiative  and  were  voided 
by  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  as  unconstitutional.  That  court  held  that 
'equal  protection  of  the  laws  is  applicable  to  all  persons,  without  regard 
to  any  differences  of  race,  color,  or  nationality,'  and  that  discrimination 
under  the  pretense  of  'promoting  the  health,  safety,  morals  and  welfare' 
is  unconstitutional,  and  denies  'the  very  essence  of  personal  freedom 
and  opportunity  it  was  the  purpose  of  the  amendment  to  secure.'  And 
'if  such  freedom  could  be  refused  upon  the  ground  of  race  or  nationality, 
the  prohibition  of  the  denial  to  any  person  of  the  equal  protection  of 
the  laws  would  be  a  barren  form  of  words.' 

"In  the  foregoing  I  have  stripped  the  initiative  of  its  cryptic  and 
involved  language  and  technicalities,  so  that  it  is  naked  in  its  two 
purposes :  First,  to  forbid  the  leasing  of  land  to  Japanese  and  Chinese  : 
and  Second,  to  take  land-owning  minors  of  those  races  from  the  natural 
guardianship  of  the  parents  and  commit  them  to  the  control  of  the 
Public    Administrator.      All    the    other    confusing    propositions    of    the 

5 


initiative  respecting  holdings  in  corporations,  etc.,  are  subordinate  to 
these  two.  Landowners  are  warned  that  if  the  State  can  forljid  them 
to  lease  to  a  certain  class,  it  can  also  compel  them  to  lease  to  a  certain 
other  class.     They  must  resist  this  invasion  of  liberty." 

To  that  argument  no  answer  has  been  made  by  the  anti-Japanese 
agitators,  because  it  is  so  self  evident  that  it  cannot  be  disputed. 

To  support  that  argument  this  Committee  is  organized.  Its  purjiose 
is  to  publish  the  truth  and  expose  the  falsehoods  by  which  it  is  attempted 
to  stampede  the  people  into  support  of  the  anti- Japanese  initiative,  and 
incidentally  to  elect  to  office  several  politicians  whose  sole  claim  to 
support  is  their  abuse  of  the  Japanese. 

Believing  that  the  sore  needs  of  the  country  demand  a  higher  form 

of  politics  than  the  abuse  and  misrepresentation  of  the  orderly,  intelli- 
gent, industrious  and  law-abiding  Japanese,  who  were  our  useful  allies 
in  the  world  war,  and  who  are  here  by  our  invitation  in  a  treaty  made 
with  their  country,  we  declare  our  position  to  be,  that  without  increase 
in  their  number  by  immigration,  the  Japanese  who  are  here  have  earned 
and  deserve  the  respect  and  support  of  our  people,  and  that  to  expel 
them  by  persecution  will  inflict  great  moral  and  economic  injury  upon 
California.  Such  being  our  position,  we  invite  the  men  and  women  of 
this  State  to  join  our  standard  and  support  the  honor  and  the  Christian 
civilization  of  California  by  opposing  this  unjust,  unnecessary. 
un-Christian,  illegal  and  inhuman  initiative,  and  leaving  the  settlement 
of  any  issue  involved  to  the  Federal  Government,  where  it  belongs. 

As  the  most  powerful  advocates  of  the  expulsion  of  the  Japanese 
are  on  record  as  proposing  to  colonize  the  State  with  Southern  negroes, 
we  unite  with  the  thinking  people  of  California  opposing  such  an 
exchange,  as  involving  all  unspeakable  peril  to  the  women  of  the  State. 

I 
Fair  Play 

All  far-seeing  Californians  concur  that  the  influx  of  Oriental  laborers 
should  be  prevented.  But  this  can  be  done  only  by  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment, not  by  any  State  action.  We  as  honest  Americans  stand  for 
justice  in  dealing  with  Japanese  who  came  here  at  our  invitation. 

There  'is  an  initiative  law  to  be  voted  on  November  2,  denying  to 
the  Japanese  certain  human  rights  involving  our  honor  and  our  tradi- 
tions of  fair  play. 

This  law  proposes  not  only  to  drive  the  Japanese  from  the  agricul- 
tural lands  of  California,  but  to  deny  Japanese  children  born  on 
American  soil  the  right  to  have  their  own  parents  as  guardians. 

It  is  a  natural  right  that  the  parent  is  the  guardian  of  the  child. 
This  bill  provides  that  the  child  may  be  removed  from  the  guardianship 
of  the  parent  to  the  guardianship  of  a  public  administrator.  If  Japan 
should  propose  a  law  of  that  kind  touching  American  children  within 
her  jurisdiction,  our  Government  would  very  firmly  and  proj>erly 
demand  its  repeal. 


This  law,  forbidding  the  Japanese  to  lease  farm  lands,  sentences 
them  into  competition  with  American  labor  in  the  cities. 

It  prohibits  the  Japanese  from  buying  even  a  single  share  in  any 
American   corporation   owning   real   property. 

These  proposals  are  a  clear  violation  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment 
of  our  Constitution,  which  declares  that  no  State  shall  "deny  to  any 
person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  the  law^s." 

The  people  of  Arizona  adopted  by  initiative  a  law  discriminatory 
against  various  aliens,  which  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  voided 
as  unconstitutional,  saying  in  its  decision:  "Equal  protection  of  the 
law  is  applicable  to  all  persons,  without  regard  to  any  difference  of 
race,  color  or  nationality.  Discrimination  under  the  pretense  of  pro- 
moting the  health,  safety  or  morals  and  welfare,  denies  the  very  essence 
of  personal  freedom  and  opportunity  it  was  the  purpose  of  the 
Constitution  to  secure." 

This  anti-Japanese  initiative  discriminates  between  aliens  in  the  right 
to  lease  land,  and  between  minor  children  of  aliens  in  the  ownership 
of  land,  and  is  plainly  unconstitutional. 

The  law  will  embarrass  our  Federal  Government,  in  whose  hands  lies 
the  final  solution  of  the  question.  The  State  Department  is  now 
endeavoring  to  revi.se  our  agreement  with  Japan  for  the  purpose  of 
excluding  Japanese  immigration  more  effectively. 

What  California  wants  is  not  a  policy  of  legal  persecution  directed 
against  Japanese  who  are  already  here,  but  a  constructive  immigration 
policy  calculated  to  safeguard  the  State  against  further  influx  of 
Oriental  labor.  The  proposed  initiative  law  offers  no  such  solution. 
It  simply  complicates  the  situation  and  will  make  the  adjustment  of  the 
real  issue  all  the  more  difficult. 

Not  only  does  this  law  invite  us  to  commit  an  act  of  injustice  and 
to  violate  our  Constitution,  but  it  insults  an  honorable  nation — a  nation 
which,  when  San  Francisco  was  on  fire,  sent  a  gift  of  $250,000  in  gold  ; 
a  nation  which  has  repeatedly  manifested  respect  and  friendship  for  our 
country. 

Japan  was  the  first  to  participate  in  our  great  international  exposi- 
tion in  San  Francisco,  at  a  cost  of  almost  a  million  dollars.  During 
the  war  the  Japanese  in  our  midst  contributed  two  million  dollars  to 
our  war  funds,  and,  at  the  instance  of  our  Government,  rendered 
invaluable  assistance  in  the  production  of  food  materials  needed  to  feed 
our  armies. 

\'ote  NO  on  Initiative  No.  1  on  November  2. 

II 

Common   Sense 

The  first  of  the  proposed  measures  on  the  November  ballot  is  the 
"Alien  Land  Law."  Before  voting  on  it  November  2,  we  ask  you  to 
consider  these  facts : 

The  population  of  California  is  3,426,526,  of  which  only  2  per  cent 

7 


are  Japanese.     In  1919  more  white  children  were  born  in  the  State  than 
the  total  of  Japanese  births  for  the  ten  years  preceding. 

California  should  not  be  placed  in  the  position  of  98  per  cent  of 
her  population  being  in  fear  of  2  per  cent. 

In  the  last  ten  years  our  population  increased  1,058,987.  It  was  a 
44.1  per  cent  increase,  while  that  of  the  whole  United  States  was  only 
14  per  cent.  Does  that  look  like  the  State  is  being  destroyed  by  its  2 
per  cent  of  Japanese? 

Our  food  supply  is  not  keeping  up  with  the  increase  of  population. 
The  first  seven  months  of  this  year  we  did  not  produce  enough  to  feed 
our  own  people;    imports  of  food  increased  $1,500,000,000. 

Why  expel  the  Japanese  farmers  who  raised  $67,000,000  Avorth  of 
food  last  year? 

To  persecute  them  ofi  the  land  will  make  the  shortage  of  farm  labor 
more  acute,  put  thousands  of  acres  out  of  cultivation,  reduce  our  food 
supply  and  inflict  economic  injury  to  the  State. 

Japanese  labor  on  land  is  non-competitive.  It  gets  the  highest  farm 
wages  paid  in  the  world.  This  initiative  will  drive  it  from  non- 
competitive labor  on  land  to  competitive  labor  in  the  cities,  where  it 
consumes  but  no  longer  produces  food.  This  change  is  equally  injurious 
to  city  labor  and  to  the  consumers  of  food.  This  view  was  taken  by 
the  Labor  Councils  of  Stockton  and  Sacramento  in  resolutions  opposing 
"the  removal  of  the  (3riental  from  land  to  the  industries." 

Japan  permits  a  corporation,  thovigh  composed  entirely  of  non- 
Japanese,  to  own  in  fee  simple  all  the  land  it  can  buy.  It  also  allows 
alien  individuals  to  lease  land  of  any  kind  for  fifty  years,  and  to  acquire 
superficies  for  unlimited  period.  Yet  Initiative  Xo.  1  denies  this 
reciprocal  right  to  a  handful  of  Japanese  in  California. 

Foreigners  in  Japan,  by  concessions  in  perpetuity,  own,  with  improve- 
ments, land  worth  many  millions  on  which  they  do  not  even  pay  taxes. 
Yet  Initiative  No.  1  seeks  to  deny  the  industrious  Japanese  in  California 
the  human  right  of  even  leasing  land  for  productive  purposes. 

Much  has  been  said  of  the  Japanese  law  which  claims  the  allegiance 
of  Japanese  born  in  America.  French  law  claims  a  child  born  abroad 
of  French  parents  as  a  French  citizen,  subject,  if  a  male,  to  military 
service  the  moment  he  enters  French  jurisdiction.  Switzerland,  Italv, 
Greece  and  Germany  have  similar  laws. 

Japan  is  more  liberal  than  these  countries,  for  she  allows  a  child 
born  abroad  of  Japanese  parents  to  relinquish  allegiance  to  Japan  at 
any  time  before  the  age  of  17. 

Our  National  Government  alone  has  power  to  settle  all  international 
questions.  We  look  to  Eastern  Asia  for  expansion  of  our  trade.  These 
anti-Japanese  movements,  and  the  vituperation  and  abuse  by  agitators, 
and  this  initiative,  do  not  represent  Americanism.  They  disgrace  and 
embarrass  our  National  Government.  Why  do  it,  and  injure  ourselves 
at  the  same  time  ? 


Our  Secretary  of  Commerce  reports  that  in  the  eight  months  ending 
August  31,  this  year,  we  sold  our  goods  to  Asia  and  Oceania  as  follows: 
To  Dutch  East  Indies  $34,995,550] 

To  China  96.311,017  | 

To  Australia  73.054.230  J-      $331,195,036 

To  British  India  65,744.078  | 

To  The  Phihppines  61,090,161  J 

To  Japan $328,663,681 

Japan  bought  of  us  within  $2,531,355  as  much  as  all  Asia  and 
Oceania  combined.  Is  it  wase  to  alienate  that  commerce  by  mistreating 
the  Japanese  in  California? 

Vote  NO  on  Initiative  No.  1  on  November  2. 

Ill 
Defeat   It 

Between  the  National  question  of  Oriental  immigration  and  the 
State  question  of  how  to  treat  the  Japanese  now  in  Califorina  there 
should  be  a  clear  line  of  distinction. 

The  question  of  Oriental  immigration  can  be  solved  only  by  the 
Federal  Administration  and  Congress.  No  individual  State  has  power 
to  regulate  immigration.  And  it  is  precisely  the  restriction  of  Oriental 
immigration  in  which  California  is  most  vitally  interested. 

Initiative  No.  1  on  the  ballot  to  be  voted  on  next  Tuesday,  November 
2,  is  totally  ineffective  in  attaining  this  end.  It  will  not,  and  cannot, 
restrict  Oriental  immigration,  and  therefore  will  not  serve  the  purpose 
which  all  farsighted  Californians  are  anxious  to  attain. 

Not  only  is  this  Initiative  utterly  useless  as  a  means  of  restricting 
Oriental  immigration,  but  it  is  calculated  to  impede  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment in  its  endeavor  to  devise  methods  to  bar  out  Orientals  more 
effectively. 

The  State  Department  is  now  negotiating  a  new  treaty  with  Japan 
for  the  exclusion  of  Japanese  immigration.  Congress,  as  the  result  of 
a  recent  investigation  on  the  Coast,  will  also  take  action  for  the  same 
purpose.  If  California  ignores  this  move  at  Washington  and  enacts 
an  arbitrary  law  designed  to  persecute  Orientals  already  here,  it  will 
simply  irritate  the  Federal  Government  and  alienate  its  sympathy 
from  us. 

Initiative  No.  1  aims  to  dispossess  a  helpless  minority  of  aliens  who 
have  come  here  at  our  invitation  and  who  are  tilling  California's  soil  in 
compliance  with  our  laws.  -  This  Initiative,  totally  ineffective  in  restrict- 
ing future  Oriental  immigration,  merely  persecutes  the  aliens  against 
whom  it  is  directed,  and  sows  the  seed  of  distrust  in  their  minds.  No 
fair-minded,  far-seeing  Calif ornian  could  endorse  such  a  proposition. 

Only  2  per  cent  of  California's  total  population  is  Japanese.  In 
1919  more  white  children  were  born  in  California  than  all  the  Japanese 
children  born  here  in  the  ten  years  preceding.  We  should  not  be  placed 
in  the  ridiculous  position  of  98  per  cent  of  our  population  being  in  fear  of  2 

9 


per  cent.  We  would  be  confessing  ourselves  weaklings  and  fools  if  we 
were  to  think  that  our  institutions  and  civilization  are  being  endangered 
by  the  presence  of  such  a  small  number  of  Japanese,  unobtrusive, 
law-abiding,  minding  their  own  business,  and  bothering  nobody. 

The  area  of  land  cultivated  by  Japanese  in  California  amounts  to 
only  1.6  per  cent  of  our  farm  land.  Even  of  this  1.6  per  cent  only  a 
very  small  portion  is  actually  owned  or  controlled  by  them.  No  man 
with  a  healthy  mind  can  believe  that  this  is  a  grave  menace  to  the 
State. 

Neither  organized  commerce  nor  organized  labor  is  in  sympathy  with 
this  Initiative.  The  San  Francisco  Chamber  of  Commerce  has  taken  a 
definite  stand  against  it.  The  labor  councils  of  Sacramento  and 
Stockton  oppose  it.  Why?  Because  they  know  that  this  Initiative  is 
based  not  upon  the  real  need  of  the  State,  but  upon  the  unreal  fear 
conjured  up  by  designing  persons. 

Japan  permits  a  corporation,  though  composed  entirely  of  non- 
Japanese,  to  own  land.  It  also  allows  alien  individuals  to  lease  land 
for  fifty  years,  and  to  acquire  superficies  for  unlimited  period.  Yet 
this  Initiative  denies  this  reciprocal  privilege  to  a  handful  of  Japanese 
in  California. 

This  Initiative  is  an  affront  to  the  American  tradition  of  honor  and 
fair  play.  Our  innate  sense  of  justice  revolts  against  it.  It  should  be 
defeated  because  it  insults  the  American  people,  rather  than  because 
it  works  hardship  for  the  Japanese. 

Defeat  this  Initiative,  and  we  shall  be  in  a  stronger  position  in 
urging  the  Federal  Government  to  protect  California  against  further 
influx  of  Oriental  immigration.  Adopt  it.  and  we  shall  merely  embarrass 
our  Government  and  make  the  solution  of  the  real  trouble  all  the  more 
difficult. 

Vote  NO  on  Initiative  NV    1  on  November  2. 

IV 
Think   Tvsrice 

On  your  November  ballot  is  an  unjust  law.  It  is  Initiative  No.  1, 
known  as  the  Alien  Land  Law. 

It  aims  to  dispossess  a  helpless  minority  of  aliens  industriously  tilling 
California's  soil. 

The  State  Board  of  Control  reports  that  Japanese  cultivated  458,056 
acres  last  year.  California  has  an  area  of  99,617,280  acres,  of  which 
about  28,000,000  is  farm  land. 

Of  this  vast  farm  land,  only  1.6  per  cent  is  cultivated  by  Japanese. 
Upon  this  1.6  per  cent  they  produce  13  per  cent  of  California's  total 
food  output. 

Their  produce  is  valued  at  $67,000,000.  of  which  35  per  cent  is  paid 
land  owners  as  rentals  and  45  per  cent  to  labor  as  wages.  The  balance 
of  20  per  cent  is  the  reward  for  Japanese  tenants  and  contractors. 

10 


The  Japanese  have  taken  up  mucli  of  the  worst  land  and  made  it 
fertile,  thus  helping  to  reduce  the  cost  of  food  for  the  city  worker. 

With  eft'ective  restriction  of  Japanese  immigration  now  being  con- 
sidered at  Washington,  there  need  be  no  fear  that  the  small  Japanese 
population  now  here  will  ever  become  a  dominating  element. 

The  present  Japanese  population  is  only  2  per  cent  of  the  total. 
The  highest  Japanese  birth  rate  is  only  7.4  per  cent  of  the  whole  as 
against  90.8  per  cent  of  American  births. 

Within  a  few  years  Japanese  births  will  become  even  less,  because 
[1]  immigrants,  irrespective  of  race,  have  fewer  children  after  the  first 
generation;  [2]  the  average  age  of  Japanese  male  adults  now  here  is 
about  40;  [3]  the  abolition  of  "picture  marriages"'  will  make  it  more 
difficult  for  Japanese  to  marry ;  [4]  the  arrivals  of  Japanese  will 
decrease  as  the  result  of  present  diplomatic   negotiations. 

The  Japanese  have  long  since  ceased  to  compete  with  American 
labor,  but  this  initiative,  if  passed,  wall  drive  them  from  the  land  and 
compel  them  to  compete  with  American  labor  in  the  cities,  seriously 
cutting  food  production. 

Labor's  interest  in  this  question  is  defined  in  the  following  recom- 
mendations by  the  Stockton  Labor  Council  and  Building  Trades  Council, 
and  the  Sacramento  Federated  Trades  Council;  "[1]  absolute  restriction 
of  all  alien  immigration ;  [2]  no  fight  to  be  made  upon  any  person 
or  persons  who  are  legal  residents  of  the  United  States;  [3]  organize 
all  workers  who  are  capable  of  taking  a  union  man's  job;  [4]  we  do 
not  favor  the  removal  of  the  Oriental  from  land  to  the  industries." 

According  to  the  1920  census,  population  of  our  cities  in  the  last 
decade  increased  25.2  per  cent,  while  the  population  of  farm  territories 
increased  only  3.2  per  cent. 

Yet  this  Alien  Land  Law  seeks  to    'rive  the  natural   farmers   from 

the    soil,    condemn    into    idleness    400,009,  acres  of    land    now    highly 

productive,     and     decrease     California's       nnual  food     production     by 
$67,000,000. 

The  Japanese  is  not  the  kind  of  an  immigrant  who  comes  here 
intending  to  "make  a  stake"  and  return  to  his  own  country.  He  is  here 
to  take  his  part  in  the  economic  life  of  the  State,  honorably  and  indus- 
triously, paying  taxes,  and  helping  to  support  our  social  institutions, 
our  roads,  our  schools  and  local  governments. 

Our  sense  of  decency  and  fairness  enjoins  us  to  deal  justly  with 
these  Japanese,  insisting,  at  the  same  time,  through  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment, upon  the  prevention  of  further  influx  of  Oriental  immigration. 

Vote  XO  on  Initiative  No.   1  on  November  2. 


APPENDIX  I 
Amendment    No.    1 

(A  statement  published  in  Palo  Alto  newspapers  by  President   Wilbur 
and  a  number  of  professors  of  Leland  Stanford   Universitv.) 

The   undersigned,   members   of   the    faculty  of    Stanford   University, 
earnestly   request   their   fellow   citizens   of   the   Palo   Alto   and   Stanford 

11 


communities  to  vote  against   Initiative   Act   No.    1    (Alien   Land   Law) 
at  the  election  on  Tuesday. 

This  measure  is  designed  to  prohibit  the  leasing  of  land  by  aliens 
ineligible  to  citizenship,  to  prevent  such  aliens  from  holding  shares  in 
any  corporation  owning  agricultural  land,  and  to  prevent  the  native- 
born  children  of  such  aliens  from  having  land  held  for  them  by  their 
parents. 

The  reason  most  commonly  advanced  for  such  a  law  is  to  ''keep 
California  white."  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  will  not  have  the  slightest 
effect  upon  such  a  desirable  end.  The  control  of  immigration  is  vested 
in  the  United  States  Government.  The  States  have  no  voice  in  the 
matter.  The  proposed  law,  instead  of  furthering  the  execution  of  our 
national  policy,  which  is  opposed  to  the  unrestricted  immigration  of 
people  from  Asia,  will  only  weaken  the  efforts  of  our  National  Govern- 
ment to  bring  it  about.  For  when  Washington  tries,  by  treaty,  to 
secure  restrictions,  the  Asiatic  states  will,  very  properly,  insist  that  first 
of  all  the  discriminations  which  have  been  raised  against  their  lawful 
residents  in  this  country  be  removed. 

The  proposed  measure  also  is  contrary  to  the  whole  spirit  of  our 
institutions.  Everyone  must  recognize  that  the  Nation  has  the  right  to 
scrutinize  carefully  every  alien  whom  it  admits  to  its  shores.  But  once 
admitted,  the  Nation  must  see  to  it  that  all  aliens  are  treated  with 
absolute  fairness  and  impartiality.  We  must  not  raise  up  racial  dis- 
criminations among  the  people  who  are  lawfully  resident  among  us. 
For  this  reason,  the  proposed  measure  is^  objectionable  in  principle. 
And  because  it  needlessly  complicates  the  relations  between  our  National 
Government  and  the  great  states  across  the  Pacific,  the  people  of  Cali- 
fornia owe  it  to  the  people  of  our  Nation  as  a  whole  to  do  nothing  which 
will  hamper  the  Federal  Government  in  carrying  out  the  national  policy, 
which  is  one  of  strict  regulation  of  immigration  from  the  Orient. 

Ray  Lyman  Wilbur  John  S.  P.  Tatlock 

E.  D.  Adams  John   M.    Stillman 

W.  H.  Carruth  Edwin   A.   Cottrell 

M.  S.  Wildman  F.  M.  Russell 

C.  A.  Huston  H.  D.  Gray 

M.  R.  Kirk  wood  P.  A.  Martin 

Raymond  M.  Alden  O.  L.  Elliott 

Payson  ].  Treat  Douglas  H.  Campbell 

Everett  W.  Smith  David   Starr   Jordan 


APPENDIX  II 


(Tlie  follozi'inr/  statement  7i'as  advertised  in   the  leading  newspapers  in 
California  on  October  28  and  ^o.) 

Our   Position 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  presence  of  large  numbers  of  Orientals 
in  certain  parts  of  our  country  has  given  rise  to  serious  problems,  we 
believe  that  further  immigration  from  that  source  would  surely  endanger 
the  good  relations  existing  between  the  United  States  and  our  Oriental 

12 


neighbors.     It  is  evident  to  all  that  the  time  has  come  when  a  satis- 
factory control  of  immigration  must  be  sought. 

The  governments  of  the  United  States  and  Japan  are  now  seriously 
seeking  a  final  settlement  of  all  problems  arising  out  of  the  immigration 
situation.  This  fact  is  exceedingly  encouraging  and  gives  promise  of 
bringing  to  a  peaceful  end  a  vexatious  and  delicate  international  matter. 
If  it  is  left  in  the  hands  of  diplomacy  there  is  every  reason  to  believe 
that  all  dangers  of  misunderstanding  will  be  avoided  and  a  mutually 
agreeable  settlement  reached  speedily. 

The  so-called  Japanese  problem  can  not  be  settled  by  the  action  of 
one  or  several  States,  as  it  is  essentially  a  matter  of  immigration.  The 
experience  of  the  last  few  years  fully  bears  this  out.  Therefore,  any 
such  action  by  California  at  the  present  time  will  surely  result  only  in 
further  complicating  the  situation,  confusing  the  issue,  and  making 
Federal  action  more  difficult. 

We,  therefore,  strongly  advise  voters  to  leave  the  question  wholly 
in  the  hands  of  the  Federal  Government,  at  least  until  every  opportunity 
has  been  given  to  reach  a  conclusion. 

Vote  NO  on  Initiative  Measure  No.   1 

Wallace  M.  Alexander,  Rev.  J.  L.  Gordon,  D.  D., 

Alexander  &  Baldwin,  Ltd.,  S.  F.  First  Cong.  Church,  S.  F. 

Rolla  V.  Watt,  Rev.  Elbert  R.  Dille,  D.  D., 

Royal  Insurance  Co.,  S.  F.  Oakland 

Geo.  I.  Cochran,  J.  A.   McGregor 

Pres.  Pacific  Mutual  Life  Formerly  with  U.  vS.  Ship  Board 

Insurance  Co.,  Los  Angeles  Milton  H.  Esberg 

Lee  A.  Phillips,  M.  A.  Gunst  Co.,  San  Francisco 

V.  P.  Pacific  Mutual  Life  •  Dr.  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler, 

Insurance  Co.,  Los  Angeles  Pres.  Emeritus  U.  of  California 

Frank  Miller,  Dr.  Harvey  H.  Guy, 

Mission  Jnn,  Riverside  Berkeley 

Rev.  H.  B.  Johnson,  D.  D.,  Fred  D.  Parr, 

Berkeley  Parr  Terminal  Co.,  Oakland 

Dr.  Arthur  H.  Briggs,  Capt.  Robert  Dollar, 

San  Francisco  Robt.  Dollar  S.  S.  Co.,  S.  F. 


APPENDIX  III 

Fair  Treatment 

(An    advertisement    published    in    Stoekton    nezcspapcrs   sJwrtly    before 

the  election.) 
We,  the  undersigned  Stocktonians.  are  NOT  in  favor  of  the  Initia- 
tive Measure  No.  1,  on  the  following  grounds: 

1.  BECAUSE,  it  shall  serve  no  purpose  except  inflame  public  senti- 
ment in  Japan  against  the  United  States  and  make  it  harder  for 
the  State  Department  to  make  an  amicable  adjustment  of  the  present 
difficulties. 

2.  BECAUSE,  it  denies  to  the  Japanese  certain  human  rights  involving 
our  honor  and  our  traditions  of  fair  play.     This  proposed  law  denies 

13 


to  Japanese  children  born  on  American  soil  the  right  to  have  their 
own  parents  as  guardians,  and  provides  that  the  child  may  be 
removed  from  the  guardianship  of  the  parent  to  the  guardianship 
of  the  Public  Administrator. 

3.  BECAUSE,  it  is  contrary  to  the  letter  and  spirit  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States.  What  California  wants  is  not  a  policy  of  legal 
persecution  directed  against  Japanese  who  are  already  here,  but  a 
constructive  immigration  policy  calculated  to  safeguard  the  Stale 
against  further  influx  of  Oriental  labor.  The  proposed  Initiative  Law 
offers  no  such  solution. 

W.    J.   Armanino,   Real   Estate,  Sol    D.    Klein,    Commission    Mer- 

Triolo,  Calestini  &  Company  chant 

J.   A.    Baumel,    Bookkeeper,   Com-     George  W.  Leistner 

mission    Merchant  E.  Lewis,  Commission  Merchant 

D.  W.  Braddock,  Real  Estate  Rev.  Angus  Matheson 

California  Delta  Farms   Company,     Laurence  E.  Moore,  Manager  Col- 


■V 


by  George  Burton 
Henry   Colberg 
Wm.    Colberg,    President    Colberg 

Motor  Boats 
T.  E.  Connolly,  Banker 


berg  Motor  Boats 
John  Nichols,  President  Nichols 

Transportation   Company 
H.  F.  W.  Puchmuller 
John  Raggio,  Banker 


"Carson   C.   Cook,   Rindge   Land   &     W.  C.  Ramsey,  Real  Estate 


Navigation  Co. 
Francis  Cutting 
Lewis  H.  Delpy 


J.   W.   Schuler,   Guernsey   Grain 

Company 
F.  C.  Sloan,  Seed  Grower 


E.  C.  Dickinson,  Dickinson-Nelson     Lafayette   Smallpage,   Attorney 


Company 

R.  M.  Dixon,  Commission  Mer- 
chant 

Rev.  F.  L.  Donohoo 

J.  T.  Fletcher,  Empire  Barge 
Company 

John  W.  Galway,  Grain  Company 

Frank  A.  Guernsey,  Banker 

Rev.  Harley  H.  Gill 

Rev.  R.  W.  Harlow 

Edward  Harris,  Banker 

Jas.    Higgins,   Commission    Mer- 
chant 

L.    L.    Higgins,    Commission   Mer-     J.  E.  Funk 
chant  D.  C.  Stowe 

Frank  W.  Hill  Dr.  Gregray 

APPENDIX  IV 
How   We   Faced   the   Crisis 

(From  tlie  "Nezv  World,"  San  Francisco,  a  Japanese  daily, 
for  November  lo.) 

As  we  ponder  over  returns  on  the  vote  on  the  Alien  Land  Initiative 
Measure,  we  are  overwhelmed  with  a  sense  of  gratitude  for  the  friendly 

14 


T.  R.   Stribley,  Blacksmith 

R.  B.  Teefy,  Banker 

B.  Walters,  Manager  Island  Trans- 
portation Co. 

A.  J.  Wheeler,  Wheeler  Transpor- 
tation Company 

E.  L.  Wilhoit,  Banker 

Dr.  I.  S.  Zeimer 

Dr.  Robert  R.  Hammond 

Dr.  R.  T.  McGurk 

Dr.  B.  F.  Walker 

Dr.  Hudson  Smythe 

Dr.  E.  L.  Blackmun 


and  sympathetic  efforts  which  have  been  made  for  the  cause  of  justice 
by  many  influential  Americans. 

These  Americans,  with  no  solicitation  from  any  Japanese,  have 
exercised  their  influence  against  the  adoption  of  the  proposed  measure. 
It  is  indeed  a  remarkable  thing  that  so  many  Americans  should, 
unsolicited  and  unrequested,  come  to  the  assistance  of  the  "Japanese. 
Undoubtedly  they  did  this  not  so  much  for  us  as  for  the  cause  which 
they  had  sincerely  at  heart.  \Mthout  doubt  they  saw  in  the  proposed 
measure  grave  injustice  and  inequity  which  would  stain  the  honor  and 
dignity  of  the  American  Nation. 

Nevertheless,  we  have  every  reason  to  be  thankful  for  their  friendly 
efforts.  These  broad-minded,  sympathetic,  honorable  Americans  are 
legion,  and  it  is  impossible  to  mention  their  names  here. 

It  is  very  significant  that  the  votes  cast  against  the  Alien  Land  Meas- 
ure were  more  than  one-third  of  the  total  ballots  cast  on  the  election 
day.  Although  election  returns  are  not  yet  complete,  we  see  that 
230,000  voters  voted  against  the  proposition  and  in  favor  of  the  Jap- 
anese.    Those  who  voted  for  the  measure  number  608,000. 

When  California  submitted  the  Chinese  question  to  the  vote  of  the 
people  .in  1880,  only  880  ballots  were  cast  in  favor  of  the  Chinese.  The 
ballots  cast  against  them  were  161,400.  When  we  compare  these  figures 
with  the  figures  for  the  Alien  Land  Initiative  Measure  that  was  voted 
on  last  Tuesday,  we  have  every  reason  to  be  thankful  to  the  fairness 
of  the  voters  of  California. 

This  is  all  the  more  remarkable  when  we  consider  that,  during  the 
past  two  years,  a  formidable  organized  campaign  has  been  carried  on 
by  the  forces  opposing  the  Japanese,  as  well  as  by  practically  all  the 
newspapers  in  the  State.  The  Japanese  were  not  given  hearing  at  all 
in  the  columns  of  any  newspaper.  Publicity  was  completely  denied 
them.  Meanwhile  meetings  and  conferences  have  been  held  in  different 
parts  of  the  State  for  the  purposes  of  advancing  the  anti- Japanese 
movement. 

Against  this  formidable  campaign  we  made  no  attempt  to  counteract 
its  effects.  We  were  powerless  in  the  face  of  that  campaign.  We  had 
no  organization  to  assist  us.  It  was  only  during  the  few  weeks  before 
the  election  that  the  Japanese  Association  sent  out  a  few  documents, 
presenting  authentic  facts  on  the  question,  and  that  a  number  of  sym- 
pathetic Americans  began  to  realize  the  seriousness  of  the  situation, 
and,  with  no  solicitation  from  us.  came  to  our  rescue,  \\nien  we  consider 
that  in  the  past  two  years  the  other  side  entirely  monopolized  the  public 
ear,  we  have  every  reason  to  be  thankful  that  the  result  of  the  vote 
proved  conclusively  that  the  sentiment  in  California  on  this  question  is 
far  from  entirely  against  the  Japanese.  We  are  convinced  that  the 
people  of  California  are  fair-minded  and  mean  to  be  just. 

During  the  week  preceding  the  election,  it  was  an  agreeable  surprise 
to  us  to  see  in  the  newspapers  advertisements  signed  by  many  prominent 
Americans,  presenting  strong  arguments  against  the  Alien  Land  Initia- 
tive Measure.  To  these  Americans,  who  had  not  only  the  courage  of 
their  convictions,  but  also  the  kindness  to   make  considerable   sacrifice 

15 


in  order  to  place  those  arguments  in  the  newspapers,  we  owe  a  great 
debt  of  gratitude.  In  one  of  these  advertisements  we  notice  the  follow- 
ing expression : 

"This  Initiative  is  an  ali'ront  to  the  American  tradition  of  honor  and 
fair  play.  Our  innate  sense  of  justice  revolts  against  it.  It  should  be 
defeated  because  it  insults  the  American  people,  rather  than  because  it 
works  hardship  for  the  Japanese." 

It  is  also  pleasant  to  recall  that  the  President  and  a  number  of 
professors  of  Stanford  University  published  a  statement  against  the 
measure.     In  that  statement  we  see  the  following  utterance : 

"The  proposed  measure  is  contrary  to  the  whole  spirit  of  our  insti- 
tutions. Everyone  must  recognize  that  the  Nation  has  the  right  to 
scrutinize  carefully  every  alien  whom  it  admits  to  its  shores.  But  once 
admitted,  the  Nation  should  see  to  it  that  all  aliens  are  treated  with 
absolute  fairness  and  impartiality." 

\Mien  we  read  such  dignified  statements  as  these,  we  are  convinced 
that  the  American  tradition  of  fair  play  and  justice  is  still  a  vital  force 
in  American  life.  Our  respect  and  love  of  zA.mericanism  and  American 
institutions  have  been  greatly  deepened  and  strengthened  by  the  experi- 
ences we  have  passed  through  in  the  strenuous  weeks  preceding  the 
election.  For  this  we  have  every  reason  to  be  thankful  to  the  American 
people. 

At  the  same  time,  we  feel  justified  in  saying  that  the  Japanese 
Association  and  individual  Japanese  have  all  along  maintained  a  dig- 
nified attitude  towards  Senator  Phelan  and  other  gentlemen  who  have 
been  advancing  the  anti- Japanese  movement.  We  have  examined  every 
document  that  has  been  sent  out  by  the  Japanese  Association,  and  we 
have  never  come  across  any  remark  or  criticism  about  the  gentlemen 
who  have  been  attacking  us.  We  are  proud  that  we  have  passed  through 
the  strenuous  weeks  with  remarkable  self-restraint  and  dignity,'  and  we 
hope  and  trust  that  the  Japanese  in  California,  whatever  the  other  side 
may  do,  will  not  lose  their  mental  poise  and  their  dignity  of  attitude. 
We  have  no  malice  towards  anybody,  and  we  face  the  future  with  the 
spirit  of  tolerance  and  gratefulness  with  which  we  have  maintained  our 
position  in  the  past.  f 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 

of  the  United  States,  in  Congress  asseniJded : 

The  undersigned  citizens  of  California,  the  members  of  The  Amer- 
ican Committee  of  Justice,  beg  respectfully  to  present  the  following 
facts  regarding  the  Japanese  and  their  persecution  in  California. 

The  Federal  census  of  1920  shows  70,000  Japanese  in  California, 
being  2  per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  the  State. 

The  report  of  the  California  State  Board  of  Control  shows  the 
Japanese  farmers,  by  ownership  and  lease,  cultivate  one  and  six-tenths 
per  cent  of  the  farm  land  of  the  State.  On  this  they  produce  13  per 
cent  of  the  field  crops  of  the  State,  of  a  value  in  1919  of  $67,000,000. 
The  vital  statistics  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  show  that  in  1919 
more  white  children  were  born  in  California  than  Japanese  children  for 
the  entire  ten  years  preceding. 

16 


The  penological  statistics  of  the  State  show  so  small  a  percentage  of 
crime  amongst  the  Japanese  as  to  be  a  negligible  feature. 

The  eleemosynary  records  show  no  Japanese  in  the  almshouses. 

The  facts  of  daily  observation  by  those  in  nearest  contact  with  the 
Japanese  disclose  their  extreme  personal  cleanliness,  good  standard  of 
living  in  diet  and  dress,  high  sexual  morality,  personal  honesty,  fidelity 
to  contracts,  and  high  percentage  of  education,  and  intelligence. 

The  record  shows  them  greatly  patriotic  during  the  world  war,  the 
buyers  of  millions  of  our  war  bonds  and  contributors  of  tens  of  thou- 
sands to  the  Red  Cross.  Their  contributions  per  capita  to  these  patriotic 
war  purposes  were  far  in  excess  of  those  made  by  any  other  class  of 
aliens. 

The  prejudice  against  them  exists  amongst  people  who  have  had  no 
experience  with  them,  and  are  readily  deceived  by  the  rampant  slanders 
of  agitators.  In  our  population  of  3,426,861,  you  will  readily  under- 
stand that  all  cannot  have  had  contact  and  experience  with  our  2  per 
cent  of  Japanese.  The  222,086  Californians  who  voted  against  the  anti- 
lapanese  initiative  were  citizens  who  knew  the  Japanese.  Those  who 
supported  and  carried  that  measure  were  mostly  citizens  who  knew  the 
Japanese  onlv  by  hearsay,  and  that  mostly  slander  and  falsehood. 

Since  the  election  the  truth  is  getting  a  better  chance.  During  the 
campaign  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle  reeked  with  slander  of  the  Jap- 
anese and  shared  this  course  with  the  press  of  the  State.  But  now  that 
votes  are  no  longer  needed,  the  Chronicle,  in  its  issue  of  November 
17th,  in  an  edtorial  under  the  caption 


said : 


-OUR  LALMIGRATIOX  PROBLEM 
"The  Oriental  Phase  is  But  a  Very  Trifling  Part  of  It" 


■'gration,  because  it  does  not  see  it  and  because  the  number  of 
"such  immigrants  is  absolutely  negligible  as  compared  with 
"those  who  are  seeking  to  crowd  in  from  Southern  Europe  and 
"\\'estern  Asia  and  perhaps  Northern  Africa. 

"And  there  could  be  a  good  argument  made  to  the  effect 
"that  the  Japanese,  for  example,  with  all  their  unassimilability, 
"are  far  less  dangerous  immigrants  than  those  of  the  mongrel 
"races  who  inhabit  the  Mediterranean  littoral.  The  Japanese 
"among  us  are  law  abiding,  industrious — too  industrious  some 
"think — do  not  intrude  themselves  into  our  affairs  but  adapt 
"themselves  to  our  conditions.  The  mongrels  of  the  Near  East 
"have  been  revolutionists  from  the  dawn  of  history,  have 
"always  been  fighting  each  other,  and  make  trouble  wherever 
"thev  go,  and  yet  they  are  eligible  to  citizenship." 

This  is  in  itself  an  admission  of  the  falsity  of  the  campaign  issue 
made  against  the  Japanese.. 

As  citizens  of  California,  we  protest  against  any  unfriendly  legisla- 
tion against  Japan  or  the  Japanese  who  are  domiciled  here.  The  pre- 
tense that  98  per  cent  of  the  population  of  this  State  is  in  imminent 
danger  from  our  2  per  cent  of  Japanese  is  disgraceful  to  the  manhood 

;{ 15888 


of  our  people.  If  it  were  true,  then  it  certifies  such  decay  of  the 
white  race  as  foreshadows  its  speedy  extinction,  regardless  of  the 
presence  of,  or  contact  with,  any  other  race.  Of  course,  such  pretense 
is  fantastic,  and  when  it  threatens  the  peace  of  nations  it  is  criminal. 

Representing  the  222,086  voters  of  California  who  cast  their  ballots 
against  the  anti-Japanese  initiative,  we  have  the  honor  to  suggest  to 
the  Congress  that  the  power  and  peace,  the  dignity  and  honor  of  this 
Republic  require  that  we  no  longer  violate  treaties  with  nations  that  are 
too  weak  to  resist,  and  that  in  our  legislation  we  treat  all  nations  and 
people  alike,  afraid  of  none,  but  just  to  all. 

The   American   Committee   of   Justice 

Lyman  J.  Gage,  San  Diego,  formerly  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
Mrs.  C.  E.  Cumberson,  Clear  Lake 

Payson  J.  Treat,  Professor  of  History,  Stanford  University 
Mrs.  C.  J-  Heggerty,  San  Francisco 

Dr.  David  Starr  Jordan,  Chancellor  Emeritus.  Stanford  University 
Rev.  James  L.  Gordon,  First  Congregational  Church.  San  Francisco 
Leroy  Wright,  State  Senator,  San  Diego 
Bertha  E.  Kori,  Los  Angeles 

Carson  C.  Cook,  Gen.  Mgr.  Rindge  Land  &  Navigation  Co.,  Stockton 
Miss  Alice  M.  Brown,  Sacramento 
Dr.  H.  H.  Guy,  Berkeley 
James  Tyson,  San  Francisco 
George  W.  Turner,  Los  Gatos 

Alfred  C.  Elkinton.  Berkeley,  Pres.  Philadelphia  Quartz  Co.  of  Cal. 
Francis  B.  Kellogg,  Los  Angeles 
L.  M.  Landsborough,  Florin 
A.  R.  Rideout,  Whittier 
Mrs.  Lauretta  Black,  Yolo 
G.  P.  Hurst,  Woodland 
Grosvenor  P.  Ayres,  San  Francisco 

Mrs.  Mary  Roberts  Coolidge,  Professor  Mills  College,  Oakland 
Asa  V.  Mendenhall,  Oakland 
Rev.  Henry  Stauffer,  Los  Angeles 
Virginia  E.  Graeff,  Hollywood 
W.  S.  Alexander,  San  Francisco 
Ellen  Moore.  Pasadena 
Philip  H.  Dodge.  Santa  Cruz 
Mrs.  Philip  H.  Dodge,  Santa  Cruz 
Prof.  Raymond  L.  Buell,  Long  Beach 

Dr.  Carl  Patton,  Minister  First  Congregational  Clnirch.  Los  Angeles 
E.  C.  Horst,  San  Francisco 

Richard  R.  Perkins,  General  Secretary  Y.  M.  C.  A..  San  Francisco 
Albert  Elliott,  San  Francisco 
Dr.  H.  B.  Johnson,  Berkeley 
Guy  C.  Calden,  San  Francisco 
Marion  B.  Patton.  South  Pasadena 

Clarence  M.  Smith.  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  Lis.  Co..  San  Francisco 

18 


Dr.  E.  A.  Sturge,  San  Francisco 
Dr.  Alexander  Beers,  San  Francisco 

Member  Executive  Committee,   Free  Methodist 
Ihomas  B.  Dozier,  San  Francisco 
John  P.  Irish,  Oakland 


Miss  Alice  Barrett 

Greenwood,  Calif. 
Alexander  Fiore 
521  L  St.,  Box  449 
Sacramento,  Calif. 
Miss  Margaret  B.  Curry 
616  Buchanan  St. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Mrs.  J.  E.  Bell 
Almond  Hill 
Saratoga,  Calif. 
Wilmer  Sieg 
Box   602 

Sacramento,   Calif. 
C.  M.  Wooster 
320  Phelan  Bldg. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Frank  A.  Guernsey 
President  Farmers  and 
Merchants  Bank 
Stockton,  Calif. 
A.  C.  Stevens 

Lafayette  Apartments 
Berkeley,  Calif. 
Mrs.  L.  M.  Eskridge 
1480  Larkin  St. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Mrs.  Clara  Mahoney 
968  Ellis  St. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Florence  L.  Stephens 
Attomey-at-Law 
629-630  W'estern  Mutual  Life 
Bldg.,  Third  and  Hill 
Los  Angeles,   Calif. 
Chas.  E.  Virden 

Gen.  Mgr.  Calif.  Fruit 
Distribution,    Sacramento,    Calif 
Mrs.  A.  E.  Thurber 

Napa,  Calif. 
Geo.  S.  Kickerson 

Civil  and.  Hydraulic  Eng. 
Forum  Bldg. 
Sacramento,  Calif. 


Mrs.  Fred  Wyman  \'aughn 
2211  California  St. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Geo.  A.  Atherton 
Delta  Lands 
Stockton,  Calif. 
._  Fred  C.  Rindge 
Stockton,  Calif. 
Mrs.  Burton  Kniseley 
2303  Kent  St. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif, 
Charles  A.  Strong 
Crocker  Bank  Bldg. 
San  Francisco,  CaHf. 
A.  N.  Judd 

Watsonville,  Calif. 
Mrs.  S.  M.  Richardson 

Truckee,  Calif. 
William  C.  Allen 
Hotel  Vendome 
San  Jose,  Calif. 
Miss  Sarah  Ellis 

1350  Washington  St. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Mrs.  Adelaide  Gail  Frost 
1710  East  4th  St. 
Long  Beach,  Calif. 
Prof.  Ray  Malcom 

University  of  So.  Calif. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
Mrs.  Marie  Light  Plise 
567  5th  Ave. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Mrs.  Thos.  F.  Lopez 

Fresno,  Calif. 
Mrs.  Louise  C.  Maud 

Monterey,   Calif. 
Mrs.  Margaret  C.  Mav 
1285  Oak  St. 
San  Francisco.  Calif. 
Dr.  B.  B.   Juillv 
R.  F.  D.  Box  134 
Colma,  San  Mateo  Co.,  Calif. 


19 


„NIVEBSm  OF  CALIFORNIA  UBRARV 

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